Diphtheria

When diphtheria affects the upper respiratory tract, it results in a sore throat, infection, and often swelling of the tonsils, which can result in severe difficulty breathing. Diphtheria toxin can also affect the heart. In some cases, symptoms may be very mild, and the infected person may not realise they are sick. For this reason, vaccination is important, as although the infected person may be asymptomatic, they are still contagious for around six weeks.

The diphtheria vaccine is combined with the tetanus vaccine given in childhood. Many adults no longer have immunity from their childhood vaccinations and may be at risk when visiting affected countries. It is recommended that adults receive a diphtheria-containing vaccine booster at 50 years of age.

For travellers, vaccination is recommended every 10 years, particularly if travelling to countries with limited access to healthcare. Diphtheria is combined in a vaccination with tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). It is recommended when receiving a booster that a vaccine with the three components be given, rather than tetanus and diphtheria only.

To prevent others from becoming infected, individuals with diphtheria are kept in isolation. They may be treated with antibiotics, an antitoxin and supportive airway care. Receiving treatment is imperative to survival, as complications of diphtheria can be lethal.